The Fourth Basic Electric Circuit Element: MEMRISTOR Description with recent implementation.

A new two-terminal passive circuit element-called the Memristor (short for memory resistor) characterized by a relationship between the charge and the flux linkage is introduced as the fourth basic circuit element.  Another way of describing a memristor is that it is any passive two-terminal circuit elements that maintains a functional relationship between the time integral of current (called charge) and the time integral of voltage (called flux). The slope of this function is called the memristance M and is similar to variable resistance. The reason that the memristor is radically different from the other fundamental circuit elements is that, unlike them, it carries a memory of its past. When you turn off the voltage to the circuit, the memristor still remembers how much was applied before and for how long. That's an effect that can't be duplicated by any circuit combination of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which is why the memristor qualifies as a fundamental circuit element.

Resistance colour code

Resistors are the electrical element which restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED.Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega . 1  is quite small equal to 1volt/1 ampere. So resistor values are often given in k and M. 
1 k = 1000      1 M = 1000000 .

Mechanical Forces Acting on Transformer

         As we all know there exists forces of attraction and repulsion amongst different and same charges due to magnetic field produced by them. A current carrying conductor also generates a magnetic field which is in form of concentric circles around the conductor. 

HVDC Transmission

Hi friends as we all know today's life is completely dependent on electricity and power is not generated in every house but we use the power being transmitted from generating station situated far away and connected in a grid. Transmission lines plays most important role between generating station  to distribution substations. there is two methodology to transmit power first is HVAC stands for High voltage AC transmission and other one which is most famous these days for long transmission lines is HVDC which is High voltage DC transmission. Here i ma just talking about some aspects of HVDC transmission.

SCADA SYSTEMS Introduction, architecture, functionality, and other aspects.

Hi friends this is my first blog post ever and i have shared about SCADA systems which is based upon our(me and my friend Pawan)  presentation on the same topic in our college. please send your valuable comments and your ideas about the topic so that i also can get more knowledge about this topic .

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data acquisition which is a process control system that enables a site operator to monitor and control process that is distributed among various remote sites. As such, it is a purely software package that is Positioned on top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), or other commercial hardware modules. SCADA systems are combination of computers, controllers, instruments; actuators, networks and interfaces that manage the control of automated and allow analysis of those system by data collection and processing.